CCNA Cisco Certification Case Study

Posted on June 4th, 2010

Your CCNA certification exam efforts must include practicing with different password types and knowing how to configure them on a Cisco router – but for CCNA exam success and to thrive in real-world networks, you also have to know how to examine a Cisco router configuration and determine the level of network security that is already present.? After all, most routers you work with already have passwords set, and it’s up to you to determine if those passwords are getting the job done.

Let’s start with a telnet password.? Telnet passwords are configured on the VTY lines, and no telnet access is enabled on a Cisco router by default.? If you saw the following configuration, what would it mean?

line vty 0 4

?privilege level 15

?password baseball

?login

That small Cisco router configuration means three things – first, Telnet access is enabled.? Second, the password is baseball.? Third, the “privilege level 15″ command means that any user who attempts to Telnet to the router and knows the password will automatically be placed into privileged exec mode.? (If that command were not present, the user would be placed into user exec and then prompted for the enable password before being allowed into privileged exec.)

You may not want to give that level of access to all incoming Telnet connections.? If you walked into a client’s router room and saw this configuration on a router, what would it mean to you?

username halas password 0 bears

username ewbank password 0 jets

username ed privilege 15 password 0 mcdaniel

line vty 0 4

?? login local

This configuration means three things as well.? Each user attempting to telnet in will be prompted for both a username and password.? Each individual user must enter the password that’s been assigned to them.? For example, the user “halas”would have to enter the password “bears” to successfully Telnet into this router.? The command “login local” under the VTY lines means that this local database of usernames and passwords will be used for authentication.?

Again, by default, users who are Telnetting in will be placed into user exec mode by default.? Only users with “privilege 15″ in the middle of their username / password definition will be placed into privileged exec immediately upon login.

Notice that zero in each of the username / password statements?? I didn’t enter that when I configured these statements.? This number indicates the level of encryption the password is currently under; a zero is the lowest level of encryption, indicating that the passwords aren’t encrypted at all.?? There’s a single line near the top of a Cisco router configuration that tells you why.. which of these three is it?

service timestamps debug uptime

service timestamps log uptime

no service password-encryption

Simple enough!? The password encryption service is off by default.??? To turn it on. just run the command service password-encryption.? Let’s do so here and then take a look at the configuration.

R1(config)#service password-encryption

username halas password 7 1415170A1E17

username ewbank password 7 070524585D

username ed privilege 15 password 7 082C4F4A08170C121E

Now that’s what I call encryption!?? Note that the zero has changed to a “7″ – that’s the highest level of encryption on a Cisco router, and as you can see, it’s very effective.

Knowing how to read a Cisco router configuration is a valuable skill for both the CCNA certification exam and working with production networks.? Keep practicing, keep studying, and you’ll have the coveted letters “CCNA” behind your name soon!

Tags: CCNA, CCNA exam
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pass4sur ibm 000-341

Posted on June 3rd, 2010

WebSphere Application Server V5.0, Multiplatform Administration : 000-341 Exam

Exam Number/Code: 000-341
Exam Name: WebSphere Application Server V5.0, Multiplatform Administration
VUE Code: 000-341
Questions Type: Single choice, Multiple choice,
Real Exam Question Numbers: 51 questions
Passing Scores: 61% on the actual test; 58% on the pre-assessment/sample test
Exam Language(s): English

“WebSphere Application Server V5.0, Multiplatform Administration”, also known as 000-341 exam, is a IBM certification.
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With the complete collection of questions and answers, Pass4sure has assembled to take you through 100 questions to your 000-341 Exam preparation. In the 000-341 exam resources, you will cover every field and category in Certified Advanced System Administrator helping to ready you for your successful IBM Certification.

Questions and Answers : 100 questions
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This Certified Advanced System Administrator is and individual with extensive product knowledge, who is expected to perform all of the tasks of an IBM Certified System Administrator – WebSphere Application Server V5.0, Basic Administration. In addition, the Advanced System Administrator is expected to understand the complexities of infrastructure design and maintenance, analyze architecture and security issues, and perform advanced troubleshooting. An Advanced System Administrator is also expected to identify performance bottlenecks and provide administrative solutions where appropriate. It is expected that this Advanced System Administrator will be generally self-sufficient, and be able to perform most of the tasks involved in the role with limited assistance from peers, product documentation and vendor support services, even in complex situations. To attain the award of IBM Certified Advanced System Administrator – WebSphere Application Server V5.0, candidates must pass one test, which is Test 000-341, IBM WebSphere Application Server V5.0, Multiplatform Administration. To prepare for this test, based on the job role and test objectives, refer to the Recommended Educational Resources under Core Requirements below.

Tags: 000-341, Add new tag, pass4sure 000-341
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Cisco SNRS Training Securing Networks with Cisco Routers and Switches CCSP

Posted on June 2nd, 2010

The CCSP Certification course for Securing Networks with Cisco Routers and Switches SNRS certification exam is one of the exams associated with the Cisco Certified Security Professional certification. Candidates can prepare for this CCSP exam by taking the SNRS training course. The training for the  642-503 exam includes simulations and tests preps to test the candidate’s knowledge and ability to secure networks using Cisco routers and switches.

Certification Course Overview
This course is aimed at providing network specialists with the knowledge and skills needed to secure Cisco IOS router and switch networks. This course will detail how to secure the network using existing Cisco IOS security features configure the three primary components of the Cisco IOS Firewall feature set (Context Based Access Control [CBAC] intrusion prevention and authentication proxy) implement secure VPN tunnels using IPSec technology and implement basic access switch security. Both command line and graphic administration tools are taught. This course also covers the Access Control Server and how to integrate it as a centralized identity solution for the network.

Audience
This course is a necessity for any student tasked with implementing or maintaining a secure network. SNRS is also important for candidates seeking Cisco security certifications. The primary audience for this course is as follows: Network engineers and technicians requiring knowledge and skills in the area of Network Router and Switch security.The secondary audience for this course is as follows: Network administrators technicians and engineers who need a comprehenisive knowledge of security matters to assist them in assessing risk and assigning responsibilities for mitgation.
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Participants will learn
Configure operate and troubleshoot Cisco Secure ACS for Windows Server.
Use the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of Security Device Manager (SDM) to complete a wide range of configuration tasks on an IOS router.
Implement IPSec VPNs using IOS Routers in site to site and remote access configurations including using digital certificates.
Install maintain and troubleshoot Cisco IOS Firewall including Authentication Proxy Context Based Access Control (CBAC) and Intrusion Prevention System (IPS).
SNRS Training Course Outline
Training IncludesÂ
30 hours of training. Expert Now- a recorded version of the expert-led training course for anytime anywhere access to expert instruction.
Hands-on Labs – a perfectly simulated real-world environment to test skills without risk.
Engaging course demos and real-world examples
Practice Exams – Simulated certification exams designed to validate exam readiness.
Supplemental Reading Materials from the Instructors
Training conducted by Cisco Authorized Trainers with at least 10 years of expereince in the field
Module 1: Cisco Secure Access Control Server for Windows Server

Lesson 1: Deploying Cisco Secure Access Control Server for Windows Server
Lesson 2: Configuring RADIUS and TACACS with Cisco Secure ACS for Windows Server
Module 2: Cisco IOS Security Features

Lesson 1: Introducing Cisco IOS Firewall Context-Based Access Control
Lesson 2: Configuring Cisco IOS Firewall Context-Based Access Control
Lesson 3: Configuring Cisco IOS Firewall Authentication Proxy
Lesson 4: Configuring Cisco IOS Firewall Intrusion Prevention System
Module 3: Layer 2 Security

Lesson 1: Mitigating Layer 2 Attacks
Lesson 2: Configuring Cisco Identity-Based Networking Services
Lesson 3: Configuring 802.1x Port-Based Authentication
Lesson 4: Identifying Layer 2 Security Best Practices
Module 4: Cisco IOS-Based VPNs Using Cisco Pre-Shared Keys

Lesson 1: Preparing a Network for IPSec Configuration with Pre-Shared Keys
Lesson 2: Configuring Internet Key Exchange with Pre-Shared Keys
Lesson 3: Configuring IPSec
Lesson 4: Testing and Verifying IPSec Configuration
Module 5: Cisco IOS-Based VPNs Using Certificate Authorities

Lesson 1: Preparing a Network for IPSec Configuration Using Certificate Authorities
Lesson 2: Configuring Certificate Authority on Cisco Routers
Lesson 3: Configuring ISAKMP and IPSec on Cisco Routers
Lesson 4: Testing and Verifying an IPSec CA Configuration
Module 6: Cisco IOS Remote Access Using Cisco Easy VPN

Lesson 1: Introducing Cisco Easy VPN
Lesson 2: Configuring the Easy VPN Server
Lesson 3: Configuring Easy VPN Remotefor the Cisco VPN Client 4.x
Lesson 4: Configuring Cisco Easy VPN Remote for Access Routers
Module 7: Cisco Router and Security Device Manager

Lesson 1: Using Cisco Router and Security Device Manager
Installing CiscoSecure ACS
Configure CBAC on Perimeter Router
Configuring AUTH-PROXY on the Perimeter router
Configuring IPSec using Pre-shared keys
Configuring IPSec with Digital Certificates
Configuring Remote Access Using Cisco Easy VPN
Configuring a Cisco Router with Cisco IOS Firewall IPS
Mitigating Layer 2 Attacks
Configuring EAP
Configuring a Perimeter Router with Cisco SDM
Hands-On Labs

Tags: CCSP exam, Cisco CCSP
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The benefits of having Sales Expert Certification

Posted on June 1st, 2010

Nowadays, most IT professionals look forward to pass the Cisco Sales Expert Certification exam. However, most people state that this is rather a very difficult exam to clear in the end putting down the confidence of a large number of professionals. Therefore, a large sum of money and time is wasted in purchasing the training material and to undergo the training process. However, most professionals still feel tried and say they are not confident of the result. Since the Cisco Sales Expert certification Sales Expert certification has established itself as a global standard for several successful IT companies in the industry, the importance of achieving the Sales Expert Cisco certification is increasingly felt during these days.
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exam offered by some renowned firms will help you confidently meet the requirement of the Cisco Sales Expert Certification exam. Some training firms constantly update and renew the material to make sure that it is the latest one that can take you to the winning edge of the certification process. The total Sales Expert resources offered by some reputed training firms can help you significantly minimize your Sales Expert cost and prepare you with confidence to pass your Sales Expert exams on your first try.

The Cisco Sales Expert designation is meant to reward the account managers and sales professionals who have proved their knowledge on Cisco technologies and solutions by successfully completing the Cisco Sales Expert exam 646-202.The recommended training material for those who want to take the examination stretches over the Cisco Sales Essentials course and Networking 101 course. A Cisco Sales Expert designation is deemed valid for 2 years period after which a recertification is required.

The instruction material recommended for this certification offer an introduction to Cisco’s technologies, resources and solutions. This training is in fact deemed as the baseline training for Cisco Account Managers in addition to Cisco hardware, software, and channel partner salespeople. By undergoing this course, Cisco channel partner account managers and sales professionals can gain a sales-focused introduction to some of the core business needs in addition to value, and impact of a network.

Are you looking for Sales Expert Certification Training? . Here I’d recommend you to make use of practice exams developed by Exams Expert with Money Back Guarantee Sales Expert Certification Training incase you fail in your exams. Visit for details.

Tags: 646-202, Cisco, Sales Expert
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MY VMWare Certified Professional on vSphere 4 VCP-410 Tips

Posted on May 31st, 2010

I know I have been pushing back my vSphere exam for a while due to the amount of projects I am working on this year. I have finally passed my exam two days back with a blazing score of 494(haha thought it would be quite lower than this, but I guess the elimination process of answers that does not make sense had worked out very well on this one). I would love to thank everyone in the VMware community who had posted tips for the VCP exam especially Kumaran, Brian, Scott Vessey.? As my return to the community I have decided to post some tips for the exam:

First Tip: VCP-410 is not only covering your? daily VMware work, its more than that. I have seen many questions in the VCP-410 exam, which I had never needed to use before in practice or have came across it once every few years. You will have to know the VMware material very well, do not show up to the exam only with your work experience. Read & read more of VMware vSphere Documentation.

Second Tip: The exam cover VMware networking in way more details, than most VMware enviornment require. Make sure you know VMware networking very well? & get familiar with terms like beaconing, Promiscuous Mode, vdistributed switch. Make sure you are familiar of how the traditional vswitches difference in functionality from VMware vdistributed switches as well the process of migrating between them. Don’t underestimate the networking part of VMware for the exam, as I have been suprised of how many question covering networking has popped up in the exam.

Third Tip: Make sure you know VMware features in and out & that you know which feature is available in which VMware vSphere edition.

Fourth Tip: Make sure you are familiar with VMware Storage structure. How does VMware operate in SAN, ISCSI & NAS enviornment. Get familiar with VMware datastore as well with the different type of Virtual disks & RDMs available in VMware.

Fifth Tip: Make sure you memorize the minimum & maximums limits of VMware. Memorize the numbers as they will show up. As a gift from me below is a small part of my study cheat sheet covering some of the numbers that can show up for the exam. Five of these had shown up on my exam, though I can’t point out the exact one due to VMware Exam Policy.

• The default swap partition size for VMware ESX 4 is 600 MB
• In order to upgrade to vsphere 4 an esx host must have a /boot partition of at least 100MB
• The Maximum transmission Unit (MTU) for jumbo frames in vsphere is 9000
• The maximum number of LUNs that can be assigned per ESX Host is 256
• The maximum number of VMFS datastore per ESX host is 256
• ESX 3.0 server support access to 128 LUNS during the initial installation process
• The maximum number of paths allowed in ESX 4.x for iscsi lun is 8
• The default port used by iscsi in vsphere is 3260
• The maximum number of NFS datastores per ESX/ESXi 4 server is 64
• ESX Server support NFS Version 3 over TCP
• cold cloning a physical server using vCenter converter require minimum 264MB of Ram
• vcenter converter require the following TCP Ports: 139,443,445, and 902
• Maximum number of systems guided consolidaiton can simultaneously analyze is 100
• The maximum available memomry for a virtual machine in vsphere 4 is 255GB
• The maximum numbers of characters that can be used when naming a vApp is 80
• The maximum number of hosts in a vmware HA cluster is 32
• The maximum number of VMware Data Recovery backup jobs that can run concurrently is 8
• Maximum # of Virtual CPUs per Virtual machine on vSphere? is 8
• Maximum # of Physical CPUs per Host is 64
• Maximum # of Logical Processors per Host is 64
• Maximum # of Cores per Cluster is 4096 cores
• Maximum RAM per host is 1TB

Tags: VCP-410, VMware Exam
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8 Things to Help You Pass CCNA Exa

Posted on May 29th, 2010

I’ve seen many people failed on their CCNA exam while CCNA is the most basic exam of the Cisco certification series.

This is because most of the exam candidates didn’t prepare enough for the exam, got nervous at the exam and failed due to minor mistakes.

I have my own successful way to prepare for the exam, I’ve collected many things to help me pass the CCNA exam.

You may or may not agree to me, yet I got a pretty good score at the exam, only got 1 false answer.

I don’t mean to show off or anything, but my point is anyone can get this score if you prepare properly, so here is my 8 things to help me passCCNA exam:

It is natural to get as many resource about the exam, but too many information can seriously damage your brain. The key is to get the right resource to learn from and focus on them before you decide they’re not enough and search for more.

1. BOOKS

I like the work of Todd Lammle, he explains the materials in CCNA exam with easy ways to understand.
Although books are good but the problem with books is that you can get tired reading them all day long, so I figure I need some other resources.

2. VIDEO TUTORIALS

I highly recommend video tutorials from CBT Nuggets, especially the author Jeremy Ciaora, great video series.
The video is quite expensive US$ 399.00 for the CCNA Certification Package, but I’m telling you its worth the money.
In the video you can watch configuration of true Cisco devices along with the explanation, which Jeremy Ciaora did a great job in explaining the topics.
Video tutorials are great but sometimes they don’t cover everything about the exam – due to the limited time I suppose, that’s why you also need the books to complement each other.

3. BLOGS/SITES

Browse the internetnet, find free exam questions that you can try answering, find out how everyone did the exam, how they succeed, how they failed, this can be a very valuable lessons for you.
Visit my blog often at http://networking-newbie.blogspot.com

4. CISCO SIMULATORS

You can get many free or paid Cisco Network Simulator from the internet, some are good, some have limited functions:

Dynamips – free router simulator using command line interface (no GUI)
GNS3 – GUI version of Dynamips
Boson NetSim – paid simulator complete with labs samples
Cisco Packet – free simulator from Cisco

It is very important to get your hands on one of these simulators, you need to get yourself a hands on experience configuring cisco devices.
If you have more budget, build your own Cisco home lab.

As one of the readers commented on this post (thank you Robert Williams from certguard.com), I realized that using braindump softwares are illegal, I decided to empty the following two points:

5. QUESTIONS BANK

6. EXAM SIMULATOR

7. TIME

I can’t stress you enough about this, time is very important, you have to invest your time seriously to take the exam. The CCNA exam is not the kind of exam where you can cram yourself to study in the weekend and hope to pass in the following Monday.

When I talk about time, it also means that you have to practice yourself in answering questions as quick as possible, remember you have a very limited time and you can’t go back to previous questions you’ve answered.
So you need to know your self capacity and try to do the exam in a limited time and remember you’d be in a pressure when dealing with the real exam.

8. D-DAY PREPARATIONS

The d-day has come, you’re nervous as hell, plus you can’t bring anything to the exam class except for pens or pencils.
You’d be given a scrap of paper to calculate subnets or something else.

This is a good news, you do allowed to take notes on the paper when taking the exam. Before you get even more nervous, you can write down the keypoints in calculating subnets, for example 8th bit = 128, 7th bit = 64, 5th bit = 32, and so on.
You’d be presented with the exam rules, etc before taking the exam, you have to know well the rules before and take this time to write down your notes.
But remember don’t write down any configuration commands because they might think you’re cheating.

This method of writing notes can help speed your time in calculating subnets.
Why only subnets? I have to remind you that CCNA exam will test you heavily on subnetting, and in my opinion it will be the topic that is taking most of your time in the exam.

Tags: Add new tag, CCNA, CCNA exam, Cisco
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The Opportunities you will get with a Cisco CCNA Certification

Posted on May 28th, 2010

The following is a very good article I have read over at Buzzle.com. It talks about the various opportunities that a professional will acquire after passing the Cisco CCNA exam and obtaining this entry level certification.

Software industries are desperately in need of information technology professionals certified in the aspect of networking. You are almost guaranteed a job provided you possess an excellent working knowledge of protocols such as IP, IGRP, Serial, Frame Relay, IP RIP, and VLAN’s as well as installing, configuring, operating, maintaining, and trouble shooting LAN, WAN and other networks. One way to be sure you have such proper networking experience and knowledge is through obtaining your Cisco Certified Network Associate certification.

This CCNA certification is an entry level certification for all certified IT professionals who specialize in computer networking. This certification is just the first step towards even higher levels of training, such as Cisco Certified Network Professional or Cisco Certified Internet work Expert certification.

A CCNA certification is often the best option for field technicians, IT helps desk engineers, and other professionals of information technology based on overseeing the computer networking process. It is considered to be the basic qualification for installing, operating, configuring and troubleshooting a mid-sized switched and routed network. A professional with CCNA training is trusted to work with a networking environment which would include a group of switched networks. They can manage a host of computer routed networks connected through switches with the greatest of ease.

There is an ever increasing demand for networking specialists as businesses reliance on computers grow and with that the value of a CCNA certification is also finding itself to be a hot commodity among the information technology industry’s job market. It is a benchmark for discovering who are the best and the most efficient technicians are who aren’t in network management. Think of it as a way to filter out the cream of the crop from the rest.

The certification examination is structured around a set of questions with drag and drop options, multiple choice single answers, multiple choice multiple answers, simulations and fill in the blank type of questions. While at first glance, that may sound to be quite easy, to be truly successful and pass this test professional training is required. The examination is built so that your technical and special knowledge of computer networking environments and solutions are pushed to the limits. Basically, not everyone can pass this test.

In today’s ultra-competitive job market, you need every advantage you can to market yourself. You need something to make yourself more attractive to a business compared to another IT professional. A CCNA certification, accepted and recognized all over the world, is the perfect tool to do just that. The CCNA examination is used as a tool for sorting out the best networking professionals who would be responsible for the management and maintenance of the networking environments.

Tags: CCNA, CCNA certification
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CCNP ROUTE Portable Command Guide

Posted on May 27th, 2010

Review & Description

CCNP ROUTE Portable Command Guide

All the ROUTE 642-902 Commands in One Compact, Portable Resource

Scott Empson

Hans Roth

Preparing for the CCNP exam? Working as a network professional? Here are all the CCNP-level commands for the Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE) exam you need in one handy resource. The CCNP ROUTE Portable Command Guide is filled with valuable, easy-to-access information and is portable enough for use whether you’re in the server room or the equipment closet.

This book helps you memorize commands and concepts as you work to pass the CCNP ROUTE exam (642-901). The guide summarizes all CCNP certification-level Cisco IOS? Software commands, keywords, command arguments, and associated prompts, providing you with tips and examples of how to apply the commands to real-world scenarios. Configuration examples throughout the book provide you with a better understanding of how these commands are used in simple network designs.

Use CCNP ROUTE Portable Command Guide as a quick, offline resource for research and solutions.

–Logical “how-to” topic groupings inside the front and back covers provide one-stop research

–Compact size makes it easy to carry with you, wherever you go

–Helps you review important commands before taking the CCNP ROUTE certification exam

–“Create Your Own Journal” appendix with blank, lined pages enables you to personalize the book for your own needs

This book is part of the Cisco Press Certification Self-Study Product Family, which offers readers a self-paced study routine for Cisco certification exams. Titles in the Cisco Press Certification Self-Study Product Family are part of a recommended learning program from Cisco Systems that includes simulation and hands-on training from authorized Cisco Learning Partners and self-study products from Cisco Press.

Tags: 642-901, CCNP, CCNP exam, sco certification
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Cisco CCNP / BCMSN Exam Tutorial: Configuring PortFast And BPDU Guard

Posted on May 26th, 2010

In your CCNA studies, you learned about PortFast and the trouble it can cause if configured on the wrong port! Suitable only for switch ports connected directly to a single host, PortFast allows a port running STP to go directly from blocking to forwarding mode.

A Cisco router will give you a warning when you configure PortFast:

SW1(config)#int fast 0/5

SW1(config-if)#spanning-tree portfast

%Warning: portfast should only be enabled on ports connected to a single host. Connecting hubs, concentrators, switches, bridges, etc… to this interface when portfast is enabled, can cause temporary bridging loops. Use with CAUTION

%Portfast has been configured on FastEthernet0/5 but will only

have effect when the interface is in a non-trunking mode.

SW1(config-if)#

Not only will the switch warn you about the proper usage of PortFast, but you must put the port into access mode before PortFast will take effect.

Now, you’d think that would be enough of a warning, right? But there is a chance – just a chance – that someone is going to manage to connect a switch to a port running Portfast. That could lead to two major problems, the first being the formation of a switching loop. Remember, the reason we have listening and learning modes is to help prevent switching loops. The next problem is that there could be a new root bridge elected – and it could be a switch that isn’t even in your network!

BPDU Guard protects against this disastrous possibility. If any BPDU comes in on a port that’s running BPDU Guard, the port will be shut down and placed into error disabled state, shown on the switch as err-disabled. A port placed in err-disabled state must be reopened manually.

BPDU Guard is off on all ports by default, and is enabled as shown here:

SW1(config)#int fast 0/5

SW1(config-if)#spanning-tree bpduguard enable

It’s a good idea to enable BPDU Guard on any port you’re running PortFast on. There’s no cost in overhead, and it does prevent the possibility of a switch sending BPDUs into a port configured with PortFast – not to mention the possibility of a switch not under your control becoming a root switch to your network!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of free CCNP and CCNA tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages.

You can also join his RSS feed and visit his blog, which is updated several times daily with new Cisco certification articles, free tutorials, and daily CCNA / CCNP exam questions! Details are on the website.

For a FREE copy of his latest e-books, “How To Pass The CCNA” and “How To Pass The CCNP”, just visit the website! You can also get FREE CCNA and CCNP exam questions every day! Pass the CCNP exam with The Bryant Advantage!

Tags: CCNA, CCNP exam
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Cisco Certification Matures As Industry Reflects Expert Technology

Posted on May 25th, 2010

Cisco’s main stalwart, the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) Routing and Switching certification, also Cisco’s most popular training certification, recently experienced a major transformation, reflecting the technical advances in the field and incorporating job tasks most important to professionals employed today. The CCIE level of certification is the highest rated expertise level of demonstrated ability that Cisco currently provides, with the added distinction of being one of the hardest and most technically advanced certifications in the world, and generally reported as the highest salaried certification in the field. It was only natural that Cisco updated and revised the certification parameters to best resemble the technologies experts face on a daily basis.

Cisco queried over 1,500 industry professionals working with networks in their current jobs, and collated the received information into a listing of relevant and crucial duties most important to qualified experts and highly proficient authorities in the know. Cisco first removed exam questions any professional level student should already know. The resulting exam now focuses on added material that concentrates on the expert level skill set, covering more detail in the area of new routing technologies (Internet Protocol version 6, Multiprotocol Label Switching), performance routing, optimized edge routing and troubleshooting. The most significant change to the exam is the addition of a troubleshooting section in the hands-on portion of the lab. Resembling a real world situation, one fourth of the eight hours in the new exam contains a simulated network environment with trouble tickets the applicant has to diagnose, locate the system imperfection, and repair it.

Lora O’Haver, product marketing manager at Learning@Cisco, stated, “We wanted to make sure that we weren’t just pushing our product, but that we were actually making sure that these certifications reflect what people are doing in their jobs.”

It has also been observed that the new exam and all future adaptations will be harder to make the grade if the networking professional does not possess a great deal of networking experience. This change has been implemented due to the occupational position and related obligations of the professional working in the field. A solid recommendation for candidates desiring to take the exam would be to have a good three to five years under your belt first.

Tags: Cisco，CCIE
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