Cisco CCNP Certification / BCMSN Exam Tutorial: Uplinkfast
Posted on June 17th, 2010
You remember from your CCNA studies that when a port goes through the transition from blocking to forwarding, youre looking at a 50-second delay before that port can actually begin forwarding frames.
Configuring a port with PortFast is one way to get around that, but again, you can only use it when a single host device is found off the port. What if the device connected to a port is another switch?
A switch can be connected to two other switches, giving that local switch a redundant path to the root bridge, and thats great – we always want a backup plan! However, STP will only allow one path to be available, but if the available path to the root switch goes down, there will be a 50-second delay due to the STP timers MaxAge and ForwardDelay before the currently blocked path will be available.
The delay is there to prevent switching loops, and we cant use PortFast to shorten the delay since these are switches, not host devices. What we can use is Uplinkfast.
The ports that SW3 could potentially use to reach the root switch are collectively referred to as an uplink group. The uplink group includes the ports in forwarding and blocking mode. If the forwarding port in the uplink group sees that the link has gone down, another port in the uplink group will be transitioned from blocking to forwarding immediately. Uplinkfast is pretty much PortFast for wiring closets. (Cisco recommends that Uplinkfast not be used on switches in the distribution and core layers.)
Some additional details regarding Uplinkfast:
The actual transition from blocking to forwarding mode takes about three seconds.
Uplinkfast cannot be configured on a root switch.
Uplinkfast is configured globally. You cant run Uplinkfast on some ports or on a per-VLAN basis – its all or nothing.
The original root port will become the root port again when it detects that its link to the root switch has come back up. This does not take place immediately. The switch uses the following formula to determine how long to wait before transitioning back to the forwarding state:
( 2 x FwdDelay) + 5 seconds
Uplinkfast will take immediate action to ensure that the switch upon which it is configured cannot become the root switch. First, the switch priority will be set to 49,152, which means that if all other switches are still at their default priority, theyd all have to go down before this switch can possibly become the root switch. Additionally, the STP Port Cost will be increased by 3000, making it highly unlikely that this switch will be used to reach the root switch by any downstream switches.
And you just know theres got to be at least one option with this command, right? Lets run IOS Help and see.
SW2(config)#spanning-tree uplinkfast ?
max-update-rate Rate at which station address updates are sent
When there is a direct link failure, dummy multicast frames are sent to the MAC destination 0100.0ccd.cdcd. The max-update-rate value determines how many of these frames will be sent in a 100-millisecond time period.
Mastering the details of UplinkFast, BackboneFast, BPDU Guard, and Loop Guard are vital to your success on the CCNP exams, and one or more of these features are in use on almost every network in the world. Learn these features for success in both the exam room and the real world!
Tags: CCNA, CCNP
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Cisco CCNA Certification Exam Training: What Is Packet Switching?
Posted on June 7th, 2010
Cisco CCNA certification exam training means you need to learn a lot of new terms, and some of them can be a little problematic at first view.
To pass this hard certification exam,you definitely need to understand one term which is packet switching. The first question, of course, is “What is packet switching in the first place?” In today’s Cisco CCNA exam prep tutorial we will learn about this term.
Packets transmitted from “point A” to “point B” all have to arrive at the same destination, but with packet switching, they do not all have to take the same path to get there. If you and I are standing 10 feet apart and I want to throw a rugby ball to you, I’ve got some options. I could bounce the ball off the floor to you, I could throw it directly to you, or I could send it up into the air to you. Packet switching is pretty the same thing – packets will take different paths to get from source to destination, but the result is that all the packets arrive at the destination. Then they are then reassembled to take the form of the original message.
Packet switching may sound a little odd, but this is the most efficient way of transporting the data. Frame Relay is a packet switching technology, as is X.25, and both of these standards are very efficient.
When we have packets that must arrive at the destination in the same order in which they left the source, packet switching is not the best choice. For this situation, we’ll need to use something like circuit switching, and we’ll discuss that in tomorrow’s Cisco CCNA certification training article!
Visit our website and sign up for a daily newsletter packed with CCNA, Network+, Security+, A+, and CCNP certification exam practice questions! A free 7-part course, “How To Pass The CCNA”, is also available
Tags: CCNA，Cisco CCNA，Cisco
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CCNA Cisco Certification Case Study
Posted on June 4th, 2010
Your CCNA certification exam efforts must include practicing with different password types and knowing how to configure them on a Cisco router – but for CCNA exam success and to thrive in real-world networks, you also have to know how to examine a Cisco router configuration and determine the level of network security that is already present.? After all, most routers you work with already have passwords set, and it’s up to you to determine if those passwords are getting the job done.
Let’s start with a telnet password.? Telnet passwords are configured on the VTY lines, and no telnet access is enabled on a Cisco router by default.? If you saw the following configuration, what would it mean?
line vty 0 4
?privilege level 15
?password baseball
?login
That small Cisco router configuration means three things – first, Telnet access is enabled.? Second, the password is baseball.? Third, the “privilege level 15″ command means that any user who attempts to Telnet to the router and knows the password will automatically be placed into privileged exec mode.? (If that command were not present, the user would be placed into user exec and then prompted for the enable password before being allowed into privileged exec.)
You may not want to give that level of access to all incoming Telnet connections.? If you walked into a client’s router room and saw this configuration on a router, what would it mean to you?
username halas password 0 bears
username ewbank password 0 jets
username ed privilege 15 password 0 mcdaniel
line vty 0 4
?? login local
This configuration means three things as well.? Each user attempting to telnet in will be prompted for both a username and password.? Each individual user must enter the password that’s been assigned to them.? For example, the user “halas”would have to enter the password “bears” to successfully Telnet into this router.? The command “login local” under the VTY lines means that this local database of usernames and passwords will be used for authentication.?
Again, by default, users who are Telnetting in will be placed into user exec mode by default.? Only users with “privilege 15″ in the middle of their username / password definition will be placed into privileged exec immediately upon login.
Notice that zero in each of the username / password statements?? I didn’t enter that when I configured these statements.? This number indicates the level of encryption the password is currently under; a zero is the lowest level of encryption, indicating that the passwords aren’t encrypted at all.?? There’s a single line near the top of a Cisco router configuration that tells you why.. which of these three is it?
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
Simple enough!? The password encryption service is off by default.??? To turn it on. just run the command service password-encryption.? Let’s do so here and then take a look at the configuration.
R1(config)#service password-encryption
username halas password 7 1415170A1E17
username ewbank password 7 070524585D
username ed privilege 15 password 7 082C4F4A08170C121E
Now that’s what I call encryption!?? Note that the zero has changed to a “7″ – that’s the highest level of encryption on a Cisco router, and as you can see, it’s very effective.
Knowing how to read a Cisco router configuration is a valuable skill for both the CCNA certification exam and working with production networks.? Keep practicing, keep studying
, and you’ll have the coveted letters “CCNA” behind your name soon!
Tags: CCNA, CCNA exam
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Tony Bradley, CISSP-ISSAP
Posted on May 24th, 2010
Tony is a respected information security resource and prolific author. He has written or co-written 8 different books, including Essential Computer Security. He has achieved the CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional) certification, and he is recognized by Microsoft as an MVP (Most Valuable Professional) in Windows Security.
Experience:
Tony is currently a Director with Evangelyze, providing expertise, training and written content in the areas of unified communications and VoIP, as well as a variety of technology and security subjects. Tony has worked in information security since 2002, driving security policies and technologies for antivirus and incident response for Fortune 500 companies, and acting as network administrator and technical support for smaller companies.
From Tony Bradley, CISSP-ISSAP:
In addition to this About.com site, Tony maintains his own information security blog, Essential Computer Security. He has also written for a variety of other Web sites and publications.
Tony is a CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional) and ISSAP (Information Systems Security Architecture Professional), and he is Microsoft Certified as an MCSE (Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer). Tony has been recognized by Microsoft as an MVP (Most Valuable Professional) in Windows security since 2006.
Tony was also tech editor of PCI Compliance, and author of Essential Computer Security, coauthor of Hackers Challenge 3, and a contributing author to Winternals, Combating Spyware in the Enterprise, Emerging Threat Analysis, Botnets, and AVIEN Malware Defense Guide for the Enterprise.
If you have a question please visit the Forums as your first choice. If you still have a question you can email me
Tags: CISSP
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Passing Cisco’s CCNA and CCNP Exams: Traceroute
Posted on May 20th, 2010
In preparation for your CCNA and CCNP exam success, you’ve got to learn to troubleshoot Cisco routers. And while ping is a great basic IP connectivity tool, it doesn’t give you all the information you need to diagnose network connectivity issues.
Let’s say you have six routers between CityA and CityB. You send a ping from A to B, and get this return:
R1#ping 172.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
…..
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
The five periods indicate that there is no IP connectivity to CityB. Problem is, that’s about all ping tells you. You can have 5 or 50 routers between the two points, so how can you tell which downstream router has the problem?
That’s where traceroute comes in. Traceroute sends three datagrams with a Time To Live (TTL) of 1. Those datagrams will timeout once they hit the first router in the path, and that router will respond with an ICMP Time Exceeded message.
In response, the sending router sends three more datagrams, but these have a TTL of 2. This means that the next router in line will send back ICMP Time Exceeded messages. This process continues until the final destination (CItyB) is reached the output of the command shows us the path the data took:
Router1#traceroute 271.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 271.1.1.1
1 20.1.1.1 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 30.1.1.1 20 msec 16 msec 16 msec
3 271.1.1.1 16 msec * 16 msec
How does this help troubleshoot a problem? Let’s say that the second router in this path, 30.1.1.1, doesn’t know how to get to 271.1.1.1. The output would look like this:
Router1#traceroute 271.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 271.1.1.1
1 20.1.1.1 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec
2 30.1.1.1 20 msec 16 msec 16 msec
3 * * *
This indicates that the router at 30.1.1.1 doesn’t know how to get to the final destination. Now you have a better idea of which router has an issue!
Now here’s the bad part: you’re going to get 30 lines of three asterisks, and until you abort this traceroute, you’re going to just watch those asterisks go across the screen. There’s an abort sequence that the router mentions in the first line of the console output, but the router doesn’t tell you what it is! So I will – this top-secret sequence is TWICE, one right after the other.
That keystroke takes a little getting used to, but a CCNA or CCNP can do it! Add this command to your Cisco skill set, and it will serve you well both on the CCNA and CCNP exams and your real-world networks. And you’ll impress your friends by knowing how to stop a traceroute!
Tags: CCNA, CCNP
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Pass4sure cisco ccsp 642-504
Posted on May 17th, 2010
CCSP 642-504 Exam
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Tags: 642-504, CCSP, Cisco
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Cisco CCNA Exam Tutorial
Posted on May 12th, 2010
The Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification is intended for individuals who install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN, and dial access services for small networks (100 nodes or fewer), including but not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, IPX, Serial, AppleTalk, Frame Relay, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP, Ethernet, Access Lists, using Cisco routers and switches.
There are two paths to certification – a one exam path and a two exam path. The paths cover the same material. For the one exam path you must pass the current CCNA exam. The two exam path breaks the topics covered into two exams, one being more introductory. The two exams are: INTRO 640-821 (Introduction to Cisco Networking Technologies) and ICND 640-811 (Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices). If using the two exam path both exams must be taken within 3 years of each other.
The exams includes multiple choice questions, plus experience-based, interactive question types have been incorporated that require cut-and-paste solutions, IP addressing input, and networking simulation comprehension. You must also agree to the Cisco Career Certifications and Confidentiality Agreement.
Tags: CCNA，640-821
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Pass4sure cisco ccna 640-822
Posted on May 5th, 2010
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??Cisco: 640-822 Exam
QUESTION 143:
Network topology exhibit:
Output exhibit:
Actualtests.org – The Power of Knowing
You work as a network technician at Cerp4siller and you issued the arp -a command
from a host named Cerp4siller A as shown above.
The user of host Cerp4siller A wants to ping the DSL modem/router at 192.168.1.254.
Based on the Host Cerp4siller A ARP table that is shown in the exhibit, what will host
Cerp4siller A do?
A. Send a unicast ARP packet to the DSL modem/router
B. Send a Layer 2 broadcast that is received by Host Cerp4siller B, the switch and the DSL
modem/router
C. Send unicast ICMP packets to the DSL modem/router
D. Send Layer 3 broadcast packets to which the DSL modem/router responds
E. None of the above
QUESTION 144:
While troubleshooting a connectivity problem, the Cerp4siller network administrator
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A. The port is experiencing errors
B. The port has ac active link with normal traffic activity
C. The port blocked by spanning tree
D. The port is administratively disabled
E. None of the above
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2.?? Implement a small switched network.
3.?? Implement an IP addressing scheme and IP Services to meet network requirements in a small branch office network.
4.?? Implement a small routed network, including Cisco router IOS.
5. Explain and select the appropriate administrative tasks required for a WLAN, including WLAN standards.
6. Identify security threats to a network and describe general methods to mitigate those threats
7.?? Implement and verify WAN links, including basic serial connections
The 640-822 Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (ICND1) exam is associated with the Cisco Certified Entry Network Technician certification and a tangible first step in achieving the Cisco Certified Network Associate certification. This exam tests a candidate’s knowledge and skills required to successfully install, operate, and troubleshoot a small branch office network. Passing this exam will earn you the Cisco CCENT (Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician) certification.?? This certification validates the skills required for entry-level network support positions and can be used as the starting point for many successful careers in networking. Candidates should have the knowledge and skill to install, operate and troubleshoot a small enterprise branch network, including basic network security. CCENT certification is the first step toward achieving CCNA, which covers medium size enterprise branch networks with more complex connections.?? Passing this exam, along with the ICND Part 2 (640-816) exam, will earn you the CCNA certification.
The pass4sure 640-822 exam products are designed to maximize your learning productivity and focus only on the important aspects that will help you to pass your exam.?? We will provide you with exam questions and verified answers, with detailed explanations, that reflect the actual exam. These questions and answers provide you with the experience of taking the actual test. Our exam guides are not just questions and answers. Our questions have detailed explanations provided by our certified industry experts, ensuring that you fully understand the questions and the concept behind the questions.
Tags: 640-802, CCNA, Cisco CCNA
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Ability and Fame Are Preferred Guide for Cisco Certificate
Posted on May 3rd, 2010
Others is a certification of primary Cisco, it has a great, profound and indelible influence on the IT history. Many people embarked on their desired career after obtaining Others. Several millions of people acquired Others certificate throughout the world. Due to the low barrier of Others, and the advantage that Cisco has unshakable status in web industry, so study and past exam and require Others certificate, these will continue be the essential way to these people who want to access to web industry. Of course, 650-180 is definite not as good as Others. But, everyone is limited by every kind of objective environmental factors, some things can only imagine. The certification and technology of Cisco, from require to control, spending money and time are huge. For instance, as to many people’s present situations, Others can not be required but can only imagine. So you should start from scratch, and look Others as the beginning of IT certification. We should take a right attitude on the Others which is just a primary Others certification. It does not mean the peak of skills, and of course, you can not expect it to bring huge economic returns.
Others has a relatively sound reputation in the industry, a lot of people know this Others certification of Cisco. Others is less known, but to those who have no certification, it indeed, has a considerable advantage. Others still can show your previous hard work and solid foundation from side.
Generally speaking, a company’s technical team should include a master-hand who has rich experience and good at handling difficult problems. This could be solved by Cisco CCNA. But more engineers are needed, who can be in the first line, can write some small program, and also can solve the general problems of customers. In fact, the problems customers encountered are some common sense in general. This work can be done by Others. The relatively cheep price of Others could make some companies employ more persons.
A company doesn’t hire the one who has the best technic, or the highest education, or the best moral character, but the one who fit the position most. To many positions of the companies, 650-180 is the best choice. For those candidates who want to enhance their position through the certificate, any certification is just a superficial thing. The real proof eventually relies on its own ability. Now, there is no one who will worship you just because you own a certification paper, any company will test you firstly and then decide. As soon as you can seat in front of interviewers, anyone’s opportunity is fair. Any expensive certificate can only let you get closer to interviewers, but it never can decide that you must be hired. Obtaining the IT certificates does not mean that it can be once for all. You should updated knowledge and technology in time and keep your competitive advantage. To maximize the value of the IT certification in your hand is the real intention to participate in IT certification exams.
Relate Exam:
Pass4sure 640-802 pdf: 646-058 HardCopyPass4sure CISSP : Lifecycle Services Advanced Security (LCSAS)Pass4sure 642-062 : Data Center Networking Infrastructure Support Specialist
Tags: 640-802 pdf, 642-062, 650-180, Cisco, Cisco CCNA, CISSP, IT certification
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Make an assay of 642-812 exams
Posted on April 17th, 2010
The rapid development of the network makes the demand for network engineers increase in an unprecedented rate. The computer certification and education exams for network engineers become difficult as well. So, now what are the Cisco certification exams? How can we join the Cisco certification exams?
All People who have tested the international certificate of examination of computer probably have heard about the Prometric Test Company. Prometirc is the largest company in the world providing internet-based certification testing services. It has established more than 4,000 APTCs in the world, in charge of certification exams in the IT industry. The company has set up Authorized Prometric Testing Centers (ATPC) in the major cities of many countries around the world, responsible for providing IT industry certification examinations. It can provide for candidates certification examinations of world-renowned IT companies including Microsoft, Oracle, Cisco, Sun HP, Linux, Adobe, IBM / Lotus, Intel, Lucent, SCO, Novell, Compaq…
Cisco certificate exams are taken in computer networking. Cisco companies put their own exam treasuries into the test company’s systems of Prometric, then the test company’s systems of Prometric generate copies of different papers for the candidates having the registration examination. The existing knowledge update fast, so the exam treasuries of Cisco update constantly along with the products updating.
Take CCNP for an example, the examination forms include standardized test and adaptive test. The adaptive exam is a new technology, making the computer more than the receiver in exam. It has a certain degree of intelligence, which can do real-time analysis according to the examinee scores of answering at present, judge the ken and mastery of examinees and then decide the difficulty of next question. In Cisco 642-812 exams, a question with medium difficulty will be given first. If the candidate answers it right, next question will be more difficult; if the candidate answers it wrong, next question will be easier. However, checking answered questions is now allowed. This test greatly avoids the rote memorization and the leak of examination questions. It really examines the examinees鈥� understanding about concepts. Now, more and more certification exams use this test form.
The test items of the current IT certificate exams include multiple choice test (single choice, multiple choices or both), situation test, match, experiment test. It is true of 642-812 exam. Once the exam is finished, “Pass” or “No Pass” will appear on the screen and the exam results will be printed out immediately. The results list all the testing figures about your abilities so than you can know your strengths and weaknesses to make up.
Relate Exam:
Pass4sure 642-811 : CCNP’s Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN)
Pass4sure 642-892 : 642-892 Preparation Labs
Pass4sure 642-891 : 642-891 HardCopy
Pass4sure 642-891 : CCNP’s Composite Exam
Pass4sure 642-845 : 642-845 Value Pack
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Tags: 642-812, CCNP 642-812, Cisco 642-812, Pass 4 sure 642-812
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